ocaml-containers/gen_intf.ml
Simon Cruanes 4793a6acde Squashed 'gen/' content from commit 5a46e03
git-subtree-dir: gen
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OCaml

(*
Copyright (c) 2013, Simon Cruanes
All rights reserved.
Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this
list of conditions and the following disclaimer. Redistributions in binary
form must reproduce the above copyright notice, this list of conditions and the
following disclaimer in the documentation and/or other materials provided with
the distribution.
THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS" AND
ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED
WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE
DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR
SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER
CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY,
OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
*)
(** {1 Common signature for transient and restartable generators}
The signature {!S} abstracts on a type ['a t], where the [t] can be
the type of transient or restartable generators. Some functions specify
explicitely that they use ['a gen] (transient generators). *)
type 'a gen = unit -> 'a option
module type S = sig
type 'a t
val empty : 'a t
(** Empty generator, with no elements *)
val singleton : 'a -> 'a t
(** One-element generator *)
val repeat : 'a -> 'a t
(** Repeat same element endlessly *)
val iterate : 'a -> ('a -> 'a) -> 'a t
(** [iterate x f] is [[x; f x; f (f x); f (f (f x)); ...]] *)
val unfold : ('b -> ('a * 'b) option) -> 'b -> 'a t
(** Dual of {!fold}, with a deconstructing operation. It keeps on
unfolding the ['b] value into a new ['b], and a ['a] which is yielded,
until [None] is returned. *)
val init : ?limit:int -> (int -> 'a) -> 'a t
(** Calls the function, starting from 0, on increasing indices.
If [limit] is provided and is a positive int, iteration will
stop at the limit (excluded).
For instance [init ~limit:4 id] will yield 0, 1, 2, and 3. *)
(** {2 Basic combinators} *)
val is_empty : _ t -> bool
(** Check whether the enum is empty. Pops an element, if any *)
val fold : ('b -> 'a -> 'b) -> 'b -> 'a t -> 'b
(** Fold on the generator, tail-recursively. Consumes the generator. *)
val reduce : ('a -> 'a -> 'a) -> 'a t -> 'a
(** Fold on non-empty sequences. Consumes the generator.
@raise Invalid_argument on an empty gen *)
val scan : ('b -> 'a -> 'b) -> 'b -> 'a t -> 'b t
(** Like {!fold}, but keeping successive values of the accumulator.
Consumes the generator. *)
val unfold_scan : ('b -> 'a -> 'b * 'c) -> 'b -> 'a t -> 'c t
(** A mix of {!unfold} and {!scan}. The current state is combined with
the current element to produce a new state, and an output value
of type 'c.
@since 0.2.2 *)
val iter : ('a -> unit) -> 'a t -> unit
(** Iterate on the enum, consumes it. *)
val iteri : (int -> 'a -> unit) -> 'a t -> unit
(** Iterate on elements with their index in the enum, from 0, consuming it. *)
val length : _ t -> int
(** Length of an enum (linear time), consuming it *)
val map : ('a -> 'b) -> 'a t -> 'b t
(** Lazy map. No iteration is performed now, the function will be called
when the result is traversed. *)
val append : 'a t -> 'a t -> 'a t
(** Append the two enums; the result contains the elements of the first,
then the elements of the second enum. *)
val flatten : 'a gen t -> 'a t
(** Flatten the enumeration of generators *)
val flat_map : ('a -> 'b gen) -> 'a t -> 'b t
(** Monadic bind; each element is transformed to a sub-enum
which is then iterated on, before the next element is processed,
and so on. *)
val mem : ?eq:('a -> 'a -> bool) -> 'a -> 'a t -> bool
(** Is the given element, member of the enum? *)
val take : int -> 'a t -> 'a t
(** Take at most n elements *)
val drop : int -> 'a t -> 'a t
(** Drop n elements *)
val nth : int -> 'a t -> 'a
(** n-th element, or Not_found
@raise Not_found if the generator contains less than [n] arguments *)
val take_nth : int -> 'a t -> 'a t
(** [take_nth n g] returns every element of [g] whose index
is a multiple of [n]. For instance [take_nth 2 (1--10) |> to_list]
will return [1;3;5;7;9] *)
val filter : ('a -> bool) -> 'a t -> 'a t
(** Filter out elements that do not satisfy the predicate. *)
val take_while : ('a -> bool) -> 'a t -> 'a t
(** Take elements while they satisfy the predicate *)
val drop_while : ('a -> bool) -> 'a t -> 'a t
(** Drop elements while they satisfy the predicate *)
val filter_map : ('a -> 'b option) -> 'a t -> 'b t
(** Maps some elements to 'b, drop the other ones *)
val zip_index : 'a t -> (int * 'a) t
(** Zip elements with their index in the enum *)
val unzip : ('a * 'b) t -> 'a t * 'b t
(** Unzip into two sequences, splitting each pair *)
val partition : ('a -> bool) -> 'a t -> 'a t * 'a t
(** [partition p l] returns the elements that satisfy [p],
and the elements that do not satisfy [p] *)
val for_all : ('a -> bool) -> 'a t -> bool
(** Is the predicate true for all elements? *)
val exists : ('a -> bool) -> 'a t -> bool
(** Is the predicate true for at least one element? *)
val min : ?lt:('a -> 'a -> bool) -> 'a t -> 'a
(** Minimum element, according to the given comparison function.
@raise Invalid_argument if the generator is empty *)
val max : ?lt:('a -> 'a -> bool) -> 'a t -> 'a
(** Maximum element, see {!min}
@raise Invalid_argument if the generator is empty *)
val eq : ?eq:('a -> 'a -> bool) -> 'a t -> 'a t -> bool
(** Equality of generators. *)
val lexico : ?cmp:('a -> 'a -> int) -> 'a t -> 'a t -> int
(** Lexicographic comparison of generators. If a generator is a prefix
of the other one, it is considered smaller. *)
val compare : ?cmp:('a -> 'a -> int) -> 'a t -> 'a t -> int
(** Synonym for {! lexico} *)
val find : ('a -> bool) -> 'a t -> 'a option
(** [find p e] returns the first element of [e] to satisfy [p],
or None. *)
val sum : int t -> int
(** Sum of all elements *)
(** {2 Multiple iterators} *)
val map2 : ('a -> 'b -> 'c) -> 'a t -> 'b t -> 'c t
(** Map on the two sequences. Stops once one of them is exhausted.*)
val iter2 : ('a -> 'b -> unit) -> 'a t -> 'b t -> unit
(** Iterate on the two sequences. Stops once one of them is exhausted.*)
val fold2 : ('acc -> 'a -> 'b -> 'acc) -> 'acc -> 'a t -> 'b t -> 'acc
(** Fold the common prefix of the two iterators *)
val for_all2 : ('a -> 'b -> bool) -> 'a t -> 'b t -> bool
(** Succeeds if all pairs of elements satisfy the predicate.
Ignores elements of an iterator if the other runs dry. *)
val exists2 : ('a -> 'b -> bool) -> 'a t -> 'b t -> bool
(** Succeeds if some pair of elements satisfy the predicate.
Ignores elements of an iterator if the other runs dry. *)
val zip_with : ('a -> 'b -> 'c) -> 'a t -> 'b t -> 'c t
(** Combine common part of the enums (stops when one is exhausted) *)
val zip : 'a t -> 'b t -> ('a * 'b) t
(** Zip together the common part of the enums *)
(** {2 Complex combinators} *)
val merge : 'a gen t -> 'a t
(** Pick elements fairly in each sub-generator. The merge of enums
[e1, e2, ... ] picks elements in [e1], [e2],
in [e3], [e1], [e2] .... Once a generator is empty, it is skipped;
when they are all empty, and none remains in the input,
their merge is also empty.
For instance, [merge [1;3;5] [2;4;6]] will be, in disorder, [1;2;3;4;5;6]. *)
val intersection : ?cmp:('a -> 'a -> int) -> 'a t -> 'a t -> 'a t
(** Intersection of two sorted sequences. Only elements that occur in both
inputs appear in the output *)
val sorted_merge : ?cmp:('a -> 'a -> int) -> 'a t -> 'a t -> 'a t
(** Merge two sorted sequences into a sorted sequence *)
val sorted_merge_n : ?cmp:('a -> 'a -> int) -> 'a t list -> 'a t
(** Sorted merge of multiple sorted sequences *)
val tee : ?n:int -> 'a t -> 'a gen list
(** Duplicate the enum into [n] generators (default 2). The generators
share the same underlying instance of the enum, so the optimal case is
when they are consumed evenly *)
val round_robin : ?n:int -> 'a t -> 'a gen list
(** Split the enum into [n] generators in a fair way. Elements with
[index = k mod n] with go to the k-th enum. [n] default value
is 2. *)
val interleave : 'a t -> 'a t -> 'a t
(** [interleave a b] yields an element of [a], then an element of [b],
and so on. When a generator is exhausted, this behaves like the
other generator. *)
val intersperse : 'a -> 'a t -> 'a t
(** Put the separator element between all elements of the given enum *)
val product : 'a t -> 'b t -> ('a * 'b) t
(** Cartesian product, in no predictable order. Works even if some of the
arguments are infinite. *)
val group : ?eq:('a -> 'a -> bool) -> 'a t -> 'a list t
(** Group equal consecutive elements together. *)
val uniq : ?eq:('a -> 'a -> bool) -> 'a t -> 'a t
(** Remove consecutive duplicate elements. Basically this is
like [fun e -> map List.hd (group e)]. *)
val sort : ?cmp:('a -> 'a -> int) -> 'a t -> 'a t
(** Sort according to the given comparison function. The enum must be finite. *)
val sort_uniq : ?cmp:('a -> 'a -> int) -> 'a t -> 'a t
(** Sort and remove duplicates. The enum must be finite. *)
val chunks : int -> 'a t -> 'a array t
(** [chunks n e] returns a generator of arrays of length [n], composed
of successive elements of [e]. The last array may be smaller
than [n] *)
val permutations : 'a t -> 'a list t
(** Permutations of the enum.
@since 0.2.2 *)
val combinations : int -> 'a t -> 'a list t
(** Combinations of given length. The ordering of the elements within
each combination is unspecified.
Example (ignoring ordering):
[combinations 2 (1--3) |> to_list = [[1;2]; [1;3]; [2;3]]]
@since 0.2.2 *)
val power_set : 'a t -> 'a list t
(** All subsets of the enum (in no particular order). The ordering of
the elements within each subset is unspecified.
@since 0.2.2 *)
(** {2 Basic conversion functions} *)
val of_list : 'a list -> 'a t
(** Enumerate elements of the list *)
val to_list : 'a t -> 'a list
(** non tail-call trasnformation to list, in the same order *)
val to_rev_list : 'a t -> 'a list
(** Tail call conversion to list, in reverse order (more efficient) *)
val to_array : 'a t -> 'a array
(** Convert the enum to an array (not very efficient) *)
val of_array : ?start:int -> ?len:int -> 'a array -> 'a t
(** Iterate on (a slice of) the given array *)
val rand_int : int -> int t
(** Random ints in the given range. *)
val int_range : int -> int -> int t
(** [int_range a b] enumerates integers between [a] and [b], included. [a]
is assumed to be smaller than [b]. *)
module Infix : sig
val (--) : int -> int -> int t
(** Synonym for {! int_range} *)
val (>>=) : 'a t -> ('a -> 'b gen) -> 'b t
(** Monadic bind operator *)
end
val (--) : int -> int -> int t
(** Synonym for {! int_range} *)
val (>>=) : 'a t -> ('a -> 'b gen) -> 'b t
(** Monadic bind operator *)
val pp : ?start:string -> ?stop:string -> ?sep:string -> ?horizontal:bool ->
(Format.formatter -> 'a -> unit) -> Format.formatter -> 'a t -> unit
(** Pretty print the content of the generator on a formatter. *)
end