diff --git a/src/base/Proof.ml b/src/base/Proof.ml
index 6d5fcad7..d6f6ef59 100644
--- a/src/base/Proof.ml
+++ b/src/base/Proof.ml
@@ -200,6 +200,10 @@ let proof_p1 rw_with c (self:t) =
   emit_ self @@ fun() ->
   PS.(Step_view.Step_proof_p1 {Step_proof_p1.c; rw_with})
 
+let proof_r1 unit c (self:t) =
+  emit_ self @@ fun() ->
+  PS.(Step_view.Step_proof_r1 {Step_proof_r1.c; unit})
+
 let lemma_preprocess t u ~using (self:t) =
   emit_ self @@ fun () ->
   let t = emit_term_ self t and u = emit_term_ self u in
diff --git a/src/base/Proof_dummy.ml b/src/base/Proof_dummy.ml
index 14cea03b..ffce3632 100644
--- a/src/base/Proof_dummy.ml
+++ b/src/base/Proof_dummy.ml
@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@ let emit_input_clause _ _ = ()
 let define_term _ _ _ = ()
 let emit_unsat _ _ = ()
 let proof_p1 _ _ (_pr:t) = ()
+let proof_r1 _ _ (_pr:t) = ()
 let emit_unsat_core _ (_pr:t) = ()
 let lemma_preprocess _ _ ~using:_ (_pr:t) = ()
 let lemma_true _ _ = ()
diff --git a/src/base/Proof_quip.ml b/src/base/Proof_quip.ml
index e4525c73..19c8c8d2 100644
--- a/src/base/Proof_quip.ml
+++ b/src/base/Proof_quip.ml
@@ -238,6 +238,16 @@ end = struct
           ) in
           L_proofs.add lid p;
 
+        | PS.Step_view.Step_proof_r1 { unit; c } ->
+          add_needed_step c;
+          add_needed_step unit;
+          let p = lazy (
+            let unit = L_proofs.find unit in
+            let c = L_proofs.find c in
+            P.res1 unit c
+          ) in
+          L_proofs.add lid p;
+
         | PS.Step_view.Step_bool_c { rule; exprs } ->
           Array.iter add_needed_step exprs;
           let p = lazy (
diff --git a/src/core/Sidekick_core.ml b/src/core/Sidekick_core.ml
index 871b2d5e..306d050c 100644
--- a/src/core/Sidekick_core.ml
+++ b/src/core/Sidekick_core.ml
@@ -230,6 +230,11 @@ module type PROOF = sig
       and [p2] proves [C \/ t], is the rule that produces [C \/ u],
       i.e unit paramodulation. *)
 
+  val proof_r1 : proof_step -> proof_step -> proof_rule
+  (** [proof_r1 p1 p2], where [p1] proves the unit clause [|- t] (t:bool)
+      and [p2] proves [C \/ ¬t], is the rule that produces [C \/ u],
+      i.e unit resolution. *)
+
   val with_defs : proof_step -> proof_step Iter.t -> proof_rule
   (** [with_defs pr defs] specifies that [pr] is valid only in
       a context where the definitions [defs] are present. *)
diff --git a/src/proof-trace/proof_ser.bare b/src/proof-trace/proof_ser.bare
index 534afd1e..f6a60980 100644
--- a/src/proof-trace/proof_ser.bare
+++ b/src/proof-trace/proof_ser.bare
@@ -52,6 +52,12 @@ type Step_proof_p1 {
   c: ID
 }
 
+# resolve `c` with the unit clause `unit` of the form `|- t`  *)
+type Step_proof_r1 {
+  unit: ID
+  c: ID
+}
+
 type Step_bool_tauto {
   lits: []Lit
 }
@@ -110,6 +116,7 @@ type Step_view
   | Step_bool_tauto
   | Step_bool_c
   | Step_proof_p1
+  | Step_proof_r1
   | Step_true
   | Fun_decl
   | Expr_def
diff --git a/src/proof-trace/proof_ser.ml b/src/proof-trace/proof_ser.ml
index 361dacf2..816dddf6 100644
--- a/src/proof-trace/proof_ser.ml
+++ b/src/proof-trace/proof_ser.ml
@@ -588,6 +588,30 @@ module Step_proof_p1 = struct
 
 end
 
+module Step_proof_r1 = struct
+  type t = {
+    unit: ID.t;
+    c: ID.t;
+  }
+  
+  (** @raise Bare.Decode.Error in case of error. *)
+  let decode (dec: Bare.Decode.t) : t =
+    let unit = ID.decode dec in let c = ID.decode dec in {unit; c; }
+  
+  let encode (enc: Bare.Encode.t) (self: t) : unit =
+    begin ID.encode enc self.unit; ID.encode enc self.c; end
+  
+  let pp out (self:t) : unit =
+    (fun out x ->
+     begin
+       Format.fprintf out "{ @[";
+       Format.fprintf out "unit=%a;@ " ID.pp x.unit;
+       Format.fprintf out "c=%a;@ " ID.pp x.c;
+       Format.fprintf out "@]}";
+     end) out self
+
+end
+
 module Step_bool_tauto = struct
   type t = {
     lits: Lit.t array;
@@ -867,6 +891,7 @@ module Step_view = struct
     | Step_bool_tauto of Step_bool_tauto.t
     | Step_bool_c of Step_bool_c.t
     | Step_proof_p1 of Step_proof_p1.t
+    | Step_proof_r1 of Step_proof_r1.t
     | Step_true of Step_true.t
     | Fun_decl of Fun_decl.t
     | Expr_def of Expr_def.t
@@ -891,14 +916,15 @@ module Step_view = struct
     | 7L -> Step_bool_tauto (Step_bool_tauto.decode dec)
     | 8L -> Step_bool_c (Step_bool_c.decode dec)
     | 9L -> Step_proof_p1 (Step_proof_p1.decode dec)
-    | 10L -> Step_true (Step_true.decode dec)
-    | 11L -> Fun_decl (Fun_decl.decode dec)
-    | 12L -> Expr_def (Expr_def.decode dec)
-    | 13L -> Expr_bool (Expr_bool.decode dec)
-    | 14L -> Expr_if (Expr_if.decode dec)
-    | 15L -> Expr_not (Expr_not.decode dec)
-    | 16L -> Expr_eq (Expr_eq.decode dec)
-    | 17L -> Expr_app (Expr_app.decode dec)
+    | 10L -> Step_proof_r1 (Step_proof_r1.decode dec)
+    | 11L -> Step_true (Step_true.decode dec)
+    | 12L -> Fun_decl (Fun_decl.decode dec)
+    | 13L -> Expr_def (Expr_def.decode dec)
+    | 14L -> Expr_bool (Expr_bool.decode dec)
+    | 15L -> Expr_if (Expr_if.decode dec)
+    | 16L -> Expr_not (Expr_not.decode dec)
+    | 17L -> Expr_eq (Expr_eq.decode dec)
+    | 18L -> Expr_app (Expr_app.decode dec)
     | _ -> raise (Bare.Decode.Error(Printf.sprintf "unknown union tag Step_view.t: %Ld" tag))
     
   
@@ -934,29 +960,32 @@ module Step_view = struct
     | Step_proof_p1 x ->
       Bare.Encode.uint enc 9L;
       Step_proof_p1.encode enc x
-    | Step_true x ->
+    | Step_proof_r1 x ->
       Bare.Encode.uint enc 10L;
+      Step_proof_r1.encode enc x
+    | Step_true x ->
+      Bare.Encode.uint enc 11L;
       Step_true.encode enc x
     | Fun_decl x ->
-      Bare.Encode.uint enc 11L;
+      Bare.Encode.uint enc 12L;
       Fun_decl.encode enc x
     | Expr_def x ->
-      Bare.Encode.uint enc 12L;
+      Bare.Encode.uint enc 13L;
       Expr_def.encode enc x
     | Expr_bool x ->
-      Bare.Encode.uint enc 13L;
+      Bare.Encode.uint enc 14L;
       Expr_bool.encode enc x
     | Expr_if x ->
-      Bare.Encode.uint enc 14L;
+      Bare.Encode.uint enc 15L;
       Expr_if.encode enc x
     | Expr_not x ->
-      Bare.Encode.uint enc 15L;
+      Bare.Encode.uint enc 16L;
       Expr_not.encode enc x
     | Expr_eq x ->
-      Bare.Encode.uint enc 16L;
+      Bare.Encode.uint enc 17L;
       Expr_eq.encode enc x
     | Expr_app x ->
-      Bare.Encode.uint enc 17L;
+      Bare.Encode.uint enc 18L;
       Expr_app.encode enc x
     
     
@@ -982,6 +1011,8 @@ module Step_view = struct
         Format.fprintf out "(@[Step_bool_c@ %a@])" Step_bool_c.pp x
       | Step_proof_p1 x ->
         Format.fprintf out "(@[Step_proof_p1@ %a@])" Step_proof_p1.pp x
+      | Step_proof_r1 x ->
+        Format.fprintf out "(@[Step_proof_r1@ %a@])" Step_proof_r1.pp x
       | Step_true x ->
         Format.fprintf out "(@[Step_true@ %a@])" Step_true.pp x
       | Fun_decl x ->