diff --git a/src/cc/Sidekick_cc.ml b/src/cc/Sidekick_cc.ml
index 339523b1..4bb16b44 100644
--- a/src/cc/Sidekick_cc.ml
+++ b/src/cc/Sidekick_cc.ml
@@ -604,7 +604,7 @@ module Make(CC_A: ARG) = struct
         let lits = explain_unfold cc e_ab in
         let lits = explain_eq_n ~init:lits cc a ra in
         let lits = explain_eq_n ~init:lits cc b rb in
-        raise_conflict cc acts lits
+        raise_conflict cc acts (List.rev_map Lit.neg lits)
       );
       (* We will merge [r_from] into [r_into].
          we try to ensure that [size ra <= size rb] in general, but always
@@ -801,8 +801,8 @@ module Make(CC_A: ARG) = struct
       (fun k->k "(@[cc.theory.raise-conflict@ :expl %a@])" Expl.pp expl);
     ps_clear cc;
     decompose_explain cc expl;
-    let lits = cc.ps_lits in
-    CC_A.Actions.raise_conflict acts lits A.Proof.default
+    let lits = List.rev_map Lit.neg cc.ps_lits in
+    raise_conflict cc acts lits
 
   let merge cc n1 n2 expl =
     Log.debugf 5
diff --git a/src/core/Sidekick_core.ml b/src/core/Sidekick_core.ml
index 5e209f8e..24106a0f 100644
--- a/src/core/Sidekick_core.ml
+++ b/src/core/Sidekick_core.ml
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ module CC_view = struct
     | Not of 't
     | Opaque of 't (* do not enter *)
 
-  let[@inline] map_view ~f_f ~f_t ~f_ts (v:_ t) : _ t =
+  let map_view ~f_f ~f_t ~f_ts (v:_ t) : _ t =
     match v with
     | Bool b -> Bool b
     | App_fun (f, args) -> App_fun (f_f f, f_ts args)
@@ -431,7 +431,7 @@ module type SOLVER_INTERNAL = sig
       literals suitable for reasoning.
       Typically some clauses are also added to the solver. *)
 
-  type preprocess_hook = t -> actions -> term -> term option
+  type preprocess_hook = t -> add_clause:(lit list -> unit) -> term -> term option
   (** Given a term, try to preprocess it. Return [None] if it didn't change.
       Can also add clauses to define new terms. *)
 
diff --git a/src/msat-solver/Sidekick_msat_solver.ml b/src/msat-solver/Sidekick_msat_solver.ml
index 560e1483..16af306b 100644
--- a/src/msat-solver/Sidekick_msat_solver.ml
+++ b/src/msat-solver/Sidekick_msat_solver.ml
@@ -118,7 +118,7 @@ module Make(A : ARG)
       mutable on_partial_check: (t -> actions -> lit Iter.t -> unit) list;
       mutable on_final_check: (t -> actions -> lit Iter.t -> unit) list;
     }
-    and preprocess_hook = t -> actions -> term -> term option
+    and preprocess_hook = t -> add_clause:(lit list -> unit) -> term -> term option
 
     type solver = t
 
@@ -158,7 +158,7 @@ module Make(A : ARG)
       Stat.incr self.count_axiom;
       acts.Msat.acts_add_clause ~keep lits A.Proof.default
 
-    let preprocess_lit_ (self:t) (acts:actions) (lit:lit) : lit =
+    let preprocess_lit_ (self:t) ~add_clause (lit:lit) : lit =
       (* compute and cache normal form of [t] *)
       let rec aux t =
         match T.Tbl.find self.preprocess_cache t with
@@ -174,15 +174,22 @@ module Make(A : ARG)
       and aux_rec t hooks = match hooks with
         | [] -> t
         | h :: hooks_tl ->
-          match h self acts t with
+          match h self ~add_clause t with
           | None -> aux_rec t hooks_tl
-          | Some u -> aux u
+          | Some u ->
+            Log.debugf 30 
+              (fun k->k "(@[msat-solver.preprocess.step@ :from %a@ :to %a@])"
+                  T.pp t T.pp u);
+            aux u
       in
       let t = aux (Lit.term lit) in
+      Log.debugf 10
+        (fun k->k "(@[msat-solver.preprocess@ :lit %a@ :into %a@])" Lit.pp lit T.pp t);
       Lit.atom self.tst ~sign:(Lit.sign lit) t
 
     let[@inline] mk_lit self acts ?sign t =
-      preprocess_lit_ self acts @@ Lit.atom self.tst ?sign t
+      let add_clause lits = add_sat_clause_ self acts ~keep:true lits in
+      preprocess_lit_ self ~add_clause @@ Lit.atom self.tst ?sign t
 
     let[@inline] add_clause_temp self acts lits : unit =
       add_sat_clause_ self acts ~keep:false lits
@@ -228,7 +235,7 @@ module Make(A : ARG)
     (* handle a literal assumed by the SAT solver *)
     let assert_lits_ ~final (self:t) (acts:actions) (lits:Lit.t Iter.t) : unit =
       Msat.Log.debugf 2
-        (fun k->k "(@[<hv1>@{<green>th_combine.assume_lits@}%s@ %a@])"
+        (fun k->k "(@[<hv1>@{<green>msat-solver.assume_lits@}%s@ %a@])"
             (if final then "[final]" else "") (Util.pp_seq ~sep:"; " Lit.pp) lits);
       (* transmit to CC *)
       let cc = cc self in
@@ -255,7 +262,7 @@ module Make(A : ARG)
     let check_ ~final (self:t) (acts: msat_acts) =
       let iter = iter_atoms_ acts in
       (* TODO if Config.progress then print_progress(); *)
-      Msat.Log.debugf 5 (fun k->k "(th_combine.assume :len %d)" (Iter.length iter));
+      Msat.Log.debugf 5 (fun k->k "(msat-solver.assume :len %d)" (Iter.length iter));
       assert_lits_ ~final self acts iter
 
     (* propagation from the bool solver *)
@@ -340,7 +347,7 @@ module Make(A : ARG)
   let add_theory (self:t) (th:theory) : unit =
     let (module Th) = th in
     Log.debugf 2
-      (fun k-> k "(@[th_combine.add_th@ :name %S@])" Th.name);
+      (fun k-> k "(@[msat-solver.add-theory@ :name %S@])" Th.name);
     let st = Th.create_and_setup self.si in
     (* add push/pop to the internal solver *)
     begin
@@ -358,7 +365,7 @@ module Make(A : ARG)
 
   (* create a new solver *)
   let create ?(stat=Stat.global) ?size ?store_proof ~theories tst () : t =
-    Log.debug 5 "th_combine.create";
+    Log.debug 5 "msat-solver.create";
     let si = Solver_internal.create ~stat tst () in
     let self = {
       si;
@@ -405,10 +412,17 @@ module Make(A : ARG)
          | _ -> true)
     |> Iter.iter
       (fun sub ->
-         Log.debugf 5 (fun k->k  "(@[solver.map-to-lit@ :subterm %a@])" T.pp sub);
+         Log.debugf 5 (fun k->k  "(@[solver.map-bool-subterm-to-lit@ :subterm %a@])" T.pp sub);
          ignore (mk_atom_t_ self sub : Sat_solver.atom))
 
-  let mk_atom_lit self lit : Atom.t =
+  let rec mk_atom_lit self lit : Atom.t =
+    let lit =
+      Solver_internal.preprocess_lit_
+        ~add_clause:(fun lits ->
+            (* recursively add these sub-literals, so they're also properly processed *)
+            let atoms = List.map (mk_atom_lit self) lits in
+            Sat_solver.add_clause self.solver atoms A.Proof.default)
+        self.si lit in
     add_bool_subterms_ self (Lit.term lit);
     Sat_solver.make_atom self.solver lit
 
@@ -467,7 +481,7 @@ module Make(A : ARG)
 
   (* print all terms reachable from watched literals *)
   let pp_term_graph _out (_:t) =
-    ()
+    () (* TODO *)
 
   let pp_stats out (self:t) : unit =
     Stat.pp_all out (Stat.all @@ stats self)
diff --git a/src/th-bool-static/Sidekick_th_bool_static.ml b/src/th-bool-static/Sidekick_th_bool_static.ml
index 0e5a782f..5166a0d1 100644
--- a/src/th-bool-static/Sidekick_th_bool_static.ml
+++ b/src/th-bool-static/Sidekick_th_bool_static.ml
@@ -127,8 +127,7 @@ module Make(A : ARG) : S with module A = A = struct
     Lit.atom self.tst t
 
   (* TODO: polarity? *)
-  let cnf (self:state) (solver:SI.t) (acts:SI.actions) (t:T.t) : T.t option =
-    let add_clause lits = SI.add_clause_permanent solver acts lits in
+  let cnf (self:state) (_solver:SI.t) ~add_clause (t:T.t) : T.t option =
     let rec get_lit (t:T.t) : Lit.t =
       match A.view_as_bool t with
       | B_bool b -> Lit.atom self.tst ~sign:b (T.bool self.tst true)
@@ -172,6 +171,8 @@ module Make(A : ARG) : S with module A = A = struct
     in
     let lit = get_lit t in
     let u = Lit.term lit in
+    (* put sign back as a "not" *)
+    let u = if Lit.sign lit then u else A.mk_bool self.tst (B_not u) in
     if T.equal u t then None else Some u
 
   let create_and_setup si =